Archive for category ENGINEERING
ATI’s Top 5 Engineering Course Samplers of 2011
Posted by admin in Acoustics & Sonar, Analysis and Signal Processing, Defense, Including Radar, Missiles and EW, ENGINEERING, Space and Satellites, Systems Engineering and Project Management on February 1, 2012

What Are the Tools of Your Trade?
Our mission here at the Applied Technology Institute (ATI) is to provide expert training and the highest quality professional development in space, communications, defense, sonar, radar, and signal processing. We are not a one-size-fits-all educational facility. Our short classes include both introductory and advanced courses.
ATI’s Top Five Engineering Courses for 2011
The five engineering courses for 2011 are highlighted below:
#1 Practical Statistical Signal Processing – using MATLAB
This 4-day course covers signal processing systems for radar, sonar, communications, speech, imaging and other applications based on state-of-the-art computer algorithms. These algorithms include important tasks such as data simulation, parameter estimation, filtering, interpolation, detection, spectral analysis, beamforming, classification, and tracking. Until now these algorithms could only be learned by reading the latest technical journals. This course will take the mystery out of these designs by introducing the algorithms with a minimum of mathematics and illustrating the key ideas via numerous examples using MATLAB.
Designed for engineers, scientists, and other professionals who wish to study the practice of statistical signal processing without the headaches, this course will make extensive use of hands-on MATLAB implementations and demonstrations. Attendees will receive a suite of software source code and are encouraged to bring their own laptops to follow along with the demonstrations.
#2 Advanced Topics in Digital Signal Processing
This four-day course is designed for communication systems engineers, programmers, implementers and managers who need to understand current practice and next generation DSP techniques for upcoming communication systems. DSP is more than mapping legacy analog designs to a DSP implementation. To avoid compromise solution appropriate for an earlier time period, we return to first principles to learn how to apply new technology capabilities to the design of next generation communication systems.
#3 Engineering Systems Modeling WithExcel/VBA
This two-day course is for engineers, scientists, and others interested in developing custom engineering system models. Principles and practices are established for creating integrated models using Excel and its built-in programming environment, Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). Real-world techniques and tips not found in any other course, book, or other resource are revealed. Step-bystep implementation, instructor-led interactive examples, and integrated participant exercises solidify the concepts introduced. Application examples are demonstrated from the instructor’s experience in unmanned underwater vehicles, LEO spacecraft, cryogenic propulsion systems, aerospace & military power systems, avionics thermal management, and other projects.
#4 Wavelets: A Conceptual, Practical Approach
Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) are in wide use and work very well if your signal stays at a constant frequency (“stationary”). But if the signal could vary, have pulses, “blips” or any other kind of interesting behavior then you need Wavelets. Wavelets are remarkable tools that can stretch and move like an amoeba to find the hidden “events” and then simultaneously give you their location, frequency, and shape. Wavelet Transforms allow this and many other capabilities not possible with conventional methods like the FFT.
This course is vastly different from traditional math-oriented Wavelet courses or books in that we use examples, figures, and computer demonstrations to show how to understand and work with Wavelets. This is a comprehensive, in-depth, up-to-date treatment of the subject, but from an intuitive, conceptual point of view. We do look at a few key equations from the traditional literature but only AFTER the concepts are demonstrated and understood. If desired, further study from scholarly texts and papers is then made much easier and more palatable when you already understand the fundamental equations and how they relate to the real world.
#5 Computational Electromagnetics
This 3-day course teaches the basics of CEM with application examples. Fundamental concepts in the solution of EM radiation and scattering problems are presented. Emphasis is on applying computational methods to practical applications. You will develop a working knowledge of popular methods such as the FEM, MOM, FDTD, FIT, and TLM including asymptotic and hybrid methods. Students will then be able to identify the most relevant CEM method for various applications, avoid common user pitfalls, understand model validation and correctly interpret results. Students are encouraged to bring their laptop to work examples using the provided FEKO Lite code. You will learn the importance of model development and meshing, post- processing for scientific visualization and presentation of results.
Course Outline, Samplers, and Notes
Determine for yourself the value of these or our other courses before you sign up. See our samples (See Slide Samples) on some of our courses.
Or check out the new ATI channel on YouTube.
After attending the course you will receive a full set of detailed notes from the class for future reference, as well as a certificate of completion. To see the complete course listing from ATI, click on the links at the bottom of the page.
Please visit our website for more valuable information.
About ATI and the Instructors
Since 1984, ATI has provided leading-edge public courses and onsite technical training to DoD and NASA personnel, as well as contractors. ATI short courses are designed to help you keep your professional knowledge up-to-date.
Our courses provide you a practical overview of space and defense technologies which provide a strong foundation for understanding the issues that must be confronted in the use, regulation and development such complex systems.
Our short courses are designed for individuals involved in planning, designing, building, launching, and operating space and defense systems. Whether you are a busy engineer, a technical expert or a project manager, you can enhance your understanding of complex systems in a short time. You will also become aware of the basic vocabulary essential to interact meaningfully with your colleagues.
ATI’s instructors are world-class experts who are the best in the business. They are carefully selected for their ability to clearly explain advanced technology.
RFPs and RFIs: Do You Know What to Always Include and What Should Never Be Included?
Posted by admin in Continuing Education and Seminar Marketing, ENGINEERING, General on January 16, 2012
Video Clip: Click to Watchwhich will maximize the number of highly qualified bidders
This three-day course on proposal writing is designed for engineers, scientists, project managers and other professionals who design, build, test, buy or sell complex systems. Each topic is illustrated by real-world case studies discussed by experienced system development and acquisition professionals. Key topics are reinforced with small-team exercises. Over two hundred pages of sample Requests for Proposal (RFP) and Requests for Information (RFI) and are provided. Students assess real RFIs and RFPs in class using checklists and templates provided
Since 1984, the Applied Technology Institute (ATI) has provided leading-edge public courses and onsite technical training to DoD and NASA personnel, as well as contractors. Whether you are a busy engineer, a technical expert or a project manager, you can enhance your understanding of complex systems in a short time.
You will become aware of the basic vocabulary essential to interact meaningfully with your colleagues. If you or your team are in need of more technical training, then boost your career with the knowledge needed to provide better, faster, and cheaper solutions for sophisticated DoD and NASA systems.
Why not take a short course? ATI short courses are less than a week long and are designed to help you keep your professional knowledge up-to-date. Our courses provide a practical overview of space and defense technologies which provide a strong foundation for understanding the issues that must be confronted in the use, regulation and development of complex systems.
What You Will Learn From This Course:
- What are Requests for Proposal (RFP)?
- How do they differ from Requests for Information (RFI)?
- How can they help us cost-effectively buy robust systems that meet not only the specification but also meet the needs and expectations of the end users?
- What makes “good” RFIs and RFPs?
- What should always be included and what should never be included in them?
- What is the one item that, if missing from the RFP, will ensure no reputable firm will bid the job?
- What is the one thing that inexperienced RFP writers inadvertently do that guts the competitiveness (only one company will bid) and practically guarantees protests of any contract award?
- What RFP components and features will attract the most qualified bidders?
Course Outline, Samplers, and Notes
BUILDING SOLID REQUESTS FOR PROPOSALS
After taking this course you will be able to write solid RFPs and RFIs and you will know how a well-crafted one is organized, structured, designed and built by an acquisition/procurement enterprise (either government or a contractor).
After attending the course you will receive a full set of detailed notes at the beginning of the class for future reference and can add notes and more detail based on the in-class interaction, as well as a certificate of completion. Please visit our website for more valuable information.
About ATI and the Instructors
Our mission here at ATI is to provide expert training and the highest quality professional development in space, communications, defense, sonar, radar, and signal processing. We are not a one-size-fits-all educational facility. Our short classes include both introductory and advanced courses.
ATI’s instructors are world-class experts who are the best in the business. They are carefully selected for their ability to clearly explain advanced technology.
Mack McKinney, president and founder of a consulting company, has worked in the defense industry since 1975, first as an Air Force officer for eight years, then with Westinghouse Defense and Northrop Grumman for 16 years, then with a SIGINT company in NY for six years. He now teaches, consults and writes Concepts of Operations for Boeing, Sikorsky, Lockheed Martin Skunk Works, Raytheon Missile Systems, Joint Forces Command and all the uniformed services. He has US patents in radar processing and hyperspectral sensing.
Dates and Locations
The dates and locations of this short course are below:
Jan 31-Feb 2, 2012 Virginia Beach, VA
May 1-3, 2012 Virginia Beach, VA
Can Neutrinos Travel Faster Than Light?
Posted by admin in ENGINEERING on September 26, 2011
Yes, according to the CERN scientists from Geneva.
Scientists at the world’s largest physics lab say they have clocked subatomic particles traveling faster than light, a feat that – if true – would break a fundamental pillar of science.
The readings have so astounded researchers that they are asking others to independently verify the measurements before claiming an actual discovery.
“This would be such a sensational discovery if it were true that one has to treat it extremely carefully,” said John Ellis, a theoretical physicist at the European Organization for Nuclear Research, or CERN, who was not involved in the experiment.
Nothing is supposed to move faster than light, at least according to Albert Einstein’s special theory of relativity: The famous E (equals) mc2 equation. That stands for energy equals mass times the speed of light squared.
But neutrinos – one of the strangest well-known particles in physics – have now been observed smashing past this cosmic speed barrier of 186,282 miles per second (299,792 kilometers).
CERN says a neutrino beam fired from a particle accelerator near Geneva to a lab 454 miles (730 kilometers) away in Italy traveled 60 nanoseconds faster than the speed of light. Scientists calculated the margin of error at just 10 nanoseconds, making the difference statistically significant. But given the enormity of the find, they still spent months checking and rechecking their results to make sure there was no flaws in the experiment.
The CERN researchers are now looking to the United States and Japan to confirm the results.
Systems Engineering Conference October 24-27, 2011 in San Diego, California
Posted by Jim in Defense, Including Radar, Missiles and EW, ENGINEERING, Systems Engineering & Project Management on September 21, 2011
ATIcourses teaches more than 40 classes on Systems Engineering at locations around the U.S. Courses including Agile Project Management, Applied Systems Engineering, Architecting with DoDAF, Certified Systems Engineering Professional Preparation, Fundamentals of Systems Engineering and Total Systems Engineering Development & Management.
A schedule is shown at
http://www.aticourses.com/schedule.htm#project
There is a Systems Engineering Conference October 24-27, 2011 in San Diego, California. Are any of you planning to attend? Please let me know. The details are as follows.
Link http://www.ndia.org/meetings/2870/Pages/default.aspx
A major conference focusing on improving acquisition and performance of Defense programs and systems, including net-centric operations and data/information interoperability, system-of-systems engineering and all aspects of system sustainment, will be convened in San Diego, CA, October 24-27, 2011. This conference is sponsored by the National Defense Industrial Association, Systems Engineering Division, with technical co-sponsorship by IEEE AES, IEEE Systems Council and the International Council on Systems Engineering, and is supported by the Office of Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics, Director, Systems Engineering, and Office of the DoD Chief Information Officer.
Conference Objectives
This conference seeks to create an interactive forum for Program Managers, Systems Engineers, Chief Scientists, and Engineers and Managers from the Requirements, Design, Verification, Support, Logistics and Test communities from both Government and Industry. The conference will provide the opportunity to shape policy and procedures by exchanging innovative tactics and lessons learned.
Home Noise Is A Groaning Sound
Posted by Jim in Acoustics & Sonar, ENGINEERING on August 13, 2011
Home noise is a groaning sound that seems to be coming from the first floor.
There are a few things that make plumbing pipes noisy and the most common is something called water hammer, then there is a ticking sound that occurs with plastic waste lines called pipe growth and the rarest is what I think you have – moaning. It is related to the venting system of the waste lines. More info at the link below.
http://www.hometownannapolis.com/news/hom/2011/08/13-01/On-the-Level-Sewer-line-might-be-cause-of-groaning.html
DOD cyber defense plan: secure internet OR government controlled internet?
Posted by admin in Defense, Including Radar, Missiles and EW, ENGINEERING on July 26, 2011
It is not a secret to anybody that the next new war will be fought (or possibly is being fought) through internet. Previously the U.S. had determined that cyberattacks could be considered an act of war. It was disclosed, that in March one of the leading defense contractors was hacked by a foreign intruder who was able to get away with 24,000 files containing information on the newly developed weapons systems. Read more here
It is obvious that something needs to be done to defend our cyber borders.
Nearly $500 million were allocated to DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) to increase the number of cyber-aligned resources.
Last week DOD presented its new plan to secure our cyber space.
However, the problem will not be easily solved and the issue is highly controversial.
Why? Because to SECURE anything means to CONTROL it. In this case, we are talking about controlling the INTERNET- a worldwide interconnection of computer networks that facilitate the exchange of information among users!
A lot of people out there say that if we can’t control our borders how can we possibly “secure” the internet. Yet others consider the plan to be an intrusion on user’s privacy.
However, if the plan is not put in place here are just a few possible threats we are facing:
Espionage and national security breaches
Sabotage of military operations
Sabotage of the national electrical grid
What do you think? Please comment below…
Do You Resonate with Shock, Noise and Vibration?
Posted by Markutus in Acoustics & Sonar, ENGINEERING, Uncategorized on July 19, 2011

Negative Stiffness Vibration Isolator
Two Short Courses from ATI on Vibration, Shock or Noise
in Vehicles, Devices, and Equipment
If you are concerned with vibration, shock or noise in vehicles, devices, and equipment; then Applied Technology Institute (ATI) short courses maybe for you.
Why not take a short course?
Our short courses are less than a week long and are designed to help you keep your professional knowledge up-to-date. They provide a practical overview of space and defense technologies which furnish a strong foundation for understanding the issues that must be confronted in the use, regulation and development of complex systems.
If you are test personnel who conduct or supervise or “contract out” vibration and shock tests, then take the three-day course fundamentals course. It also benefits design, quality and reliability specialists who interface with vibration and shock test activities.
If you have some prior acquaintance with vibration or noise fields, then you should sign up for the more advanced four day course. It emphasizes understanding of the relevant phenomena and concepts in order to enable the participants to address a wide range of practical problems insightfully.
See sections below for more details on these two short courses from ATI.
FUNDAMENTALS OF RANDOM VIBRATION & SHOCK TESTING
This three-day course is primarily designed for test personnel who conduct or supervise or “contract out” vibration and shock tests. It also benefits design, quality and reliability specialists who interface with vibration and shock test activities.
From this course you will obtain the ability to understand and communicate meaningfully with test personnel, perform basic engineering calculations and evaluate tradeoffs between test equipments’ and procedures.
Each student receives the instructor’s brand new, minimal-mathematics, minimal-theory hardbound text Random Vibration & Shock Testing, Measurement, Analysis & Calibration. This 444 page, 4-color book also includes a CDROM with video clips and animations.
What you will learn:
• How to plan, conduct and evaluate vibration and shock tests and screens.
• How to attack vibration and noise problems.
• How to make vibration isolation, damping and absorbers work for vibration and noise control.
• How noise is generated and radiated, and how it can be reduced.
This course is intended for engineers and scientists concerned with the vibration reduction and quieting of vehicles, devices, and equipment. The course will provide guidance relevant to design, problem solving, and development of improvements.
It will emphasize understanding of the relevant phenomena and concepts in order to enable the participants to address a wide range of practical problems insightfully. The instructors will draw on their extensive experience to illustrate the subject matter with examples related to the participant’s specific areas of interest.
Although the course will begin with a review and will include some demonstrations, participants ideally should have some prior acquaintance with vibration or noise fields. Each participant will receive a complete set of course notes and the text Noise and Vibration Control Engineering, a $210 value.
What you will learn:
How to attack vibration and noise problems
What means are available for vibration and noise control?
How to make vibration isolation, damping, and absorbers work
How noise generated and radiated, and how it can be reduced?
Course Outline, Samplers, and Notes
Determine for yourself the value of these courses before you sign up.
• Fundamentals of Random Vibration & Shock Testing course slide sampler
• Vibration & Noise Control course slide sampler
Our other short courses are designed for individuals involved in planning, designing, building, launching, and operating space and defense systems. See our samples (See Slide Samples) on some of our courses.
Or check out the new ATI channel on YouTube.
After attending a course you will receive a full set of detailed notes from the class for future reference, as well as a certificate of completion. Please visit our website for more valuable information.
About ATI and the Instructors
Since 1984, ATI has provided leading-edge public courses and onsite technical training to DoD and NASA personnel, as well as contractors. Whether you are a busy engineer, a technical expert or a project manager, you can enhance your understanding of complex systems in a short time. You will become aware of the basic vocabulary essential to interact meaningfully with your colleagues.
Our mission here at ATI is to provide expert training and the highest quality professional development in space, communications, defense, sonar, radar, and signal processing. We are not a one-size-fits-all educational facility. Our short classes include both introductory and advanced courses.
ATI’s instructors are world-class experts who are the best in the business. They are carefully selected for their ability to clearly explain advanced technology.
Fundamentals of Random Vibration & Shock Testing course
Wayne Tustin has since 1995 been president of a specialized engineering school and consultancy he founded in Santa Barbara, CA. His BSEE degree is from the University of Washington, Seattle. He is a licensed Professional Engineer – Quality in the State of California. Wayne’s first encounter with vibration was at Boeing/Seattle, performing what later came to be called modal tests, on the XB-52 prototype of that highly reliable platform. Subsequently he headed field service and technical training for a manufacturer of electrodynamic shakers, before establishing another specialized school on which he left his name. Wayne has written several books and literally hundreds of articles dealing with practical aspects of vibration and shock measurement and testing.
Vibration & Noise Control course
Dr. Eric Ungar has specialized in research and consulting in vibration and noise for more than 40 years, published over 200 technical papers, and translated and revised Structure-Borne Sound. He has led short courses at the Pennsylvania State University for over 25 years and has presented numerous seminars worldwide. Dr. Ungar has served as President of the Acoustical Society of America, as President of the Institute of Noise Control Engineering, and as Chairman of the Design Engineering Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. ASME honored him with its Trent-Crede Medal in Shock and Vibration. ASA awarded him the Per Bruel Gold Medal for Noise Control and Acoustics for his work on vibrations of complex structures, structural damping, and isolation.
Dr. James Moore has, for the past twenty years, concentrated on the transmission of noise and vibration in complex structures, on improvements of noise and vibration control methods, and on the enhancement of sound quality. He has developed Statistical Energy Analysis models for the investigation of vibrations and noise complex structures as submarines, helicopters, and automobiles and has been instrumental in the acquisition of corresponding data bases. He has participated in the development of active noise control systems, noise reduction coating and signal conditioning means, as well as in the presentation of numerous short courses and industrial training programs.
Times, Dates, and Locations
Fundamentals of Random Vibration & Shock Testing
Sep 20-22, 2011 Detroit, MI
Oct 4-6, 2011 Santa Clarita, CA
Nov 7-9, 2011 Acton, MA
Vibration & Noise Control
Sep 26-29, 2011 Boston, MA
Mar 12-15, 2012 Columbia, MD
Apr 30-May 3, 2012 Boston, MA
New Wireless Receiver Design Text/Reference by SciTech Publishing
Posted by Val in Continuing Education and Seminar Marketing, Defense, Including Radar, Missiles and EW, ENGINEERING on June 29, 2011
| Greetings!
There are books, and then there are BOOKS. In mid-August, SciTech will be releasing the 2nd Edition of Radio Receiver Design by Kevin McClaning. The book has undergone such an extensive transformation from the first edition (1998) we decided that a title change was needed as well. To mark this happy occasion, we’re offering you an additional 10% pre- publication discount on Wireless Receiver Design for Digital Communications, 2nd Edition and related titles. See below the book descriptions for the Coupon Code.
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PRACTICAL lessons from decades of experience “at the bench.” This book is a virtual replacement for a mentor who teaches basic concepts and who has the war stories to help you avoid the mistakes of the past. The fundamentals of RF engineering lead you into applying this knowledge in the design of real world systems. When you use the EXPLORE button on the title page on our site, you’ll not only get to see an entire useful chapter, but you can see some of the War Stories from the book as well.
AND…with an extensive problem set and myriad examples, this is an excellent textbook for seniors or first-year graduate students. If you are an instructor and have a legitimate need to review this book, you can either review the PDF file for free, or purchase a copy for 50% off. If you indeed adopt the book for your course, we will credit your purchase or send another desk copy. Please completely fill out the Review Copy Request form online to get started.
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Our top-selling Microwave & RF book is equally loved in industry and academia. With a focus on designing for systems, it not only prepares students for meeting industry standards, but keeps practicing engineers in the know with in-depth analysis of modern components and subsystems.
Design is emphasized throughout the book through exercises and examples. Much of design is open-ended with problem specific design decisions, and many topics are introduced through detailed design derivations. For example, Chapter 13 on network synthesis is based entirely on four worked designs. Instructors teaching relevant courses can also request a review copy of this book as well.
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This book is an intuitive approach to transceiver design for a broad spectrum of readers. It covers a wide range of data link communication design techniques, including link budgets, dynamic range and systems analysis of receivers and transmitters, digital modulation and demodulation, multipath, gain control, jamming reduction, and much more. It is an excellent reference for understanding concepts in wireless, data link, and digital communication techniques for both the commercial and military sectors.
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| Save 10% MORE |
Use the coupon code MWRF611 to get an additional 10% off these text/references.
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| Offer Expires June 30, 2011 | |
ATI Announces Two New Wireless Courses
Posted by Val in ENGINEERING on May 31, 2011

Wireless Sensor Networks Rely on Radio Frequency (RF) Communications
Do You Know Your Way Around EMC for a Wireless Sensor Network?
Since 1984, the Applied Technology Institute (ATI) has provided leading-edge public courses and onsite technical training to DoD and NASA personnel, as well as contractors. Whether you are a busy engineer, a technical expert or a project manager, you can enhance your understanding of complex topics in a short time. You will also become aware of the basic vocabulary essential to interact meaningfully with your colleagues
How many of the following situations apply to you:
• Do your educational needs run more toward “Advanced Topics in Digital Signal Processing” instead of “Introduction to Business”?
• Do you count decibels (dBs) or dollars ($)?
• Are bit error rates more familiar to you than interest rates?
• Don’t have time for a full semester course?
• Is the “nearest campus” all the way across town at rush hour?
If one or more of situations apply to you or you are just in need of more technical training, then boost your career with the knowledge needed to provide better, faster, and cheaper solutions for sophisticated customers.
Why not take a short course instead? ATI short courses are less than a week long and are designed to help you keep your professional knowledge up-to-date. Our courses provide a practical overview of space and defense technologies which provide a strong foundation for understanding the issues that must be confronted in the use, regulation and development of complex systems.
DESIGNING WIRELESS SYSTEMS FOR EMC
This three day course provides a methodology for using electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) analysis techniques and tools for planning, designing, installing and operating wireless systems that are free from electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems.
Careful application of these techniques at appropriate stages in the wireless system life cycle will ensure EMC without either the wasteful expense of over-engineering or the uncertainties of under-engineering. This course discusses the basic EMI problems and describes the role and importance of analysis in achieving EMC. It introduces the student to the basic EMC analysis techniques.
The EMI interactions that can occur between a transmitter and a receiver are identified and analysis techniques and tools that may be used in the planning, design, development, installation and operation of wireless systems that are free of EMI are provided. The course is specifically directed toward EMI signals that are generated by potentially interfering transmitters, propagated and received via antennas and cause EMI in RF receivers. Mathematical models for the overall transmitter receiver EMI interactions and the EMI characteristics of transmitters, receivers, antennas, propagation and system performance are presented.
This four day course is designed for remote sensing engineers, process control architects, security system engineers, instrumentation designers, ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance) developers, and program managers who wish to enhance their understanding of ad hoc wireless sensor networks (WSN) and how to design, develop, and implement these netted sensors to solve a myriad of applications including: smart building installation, process control, asset tracking, military operations and C4I applications, as well as energy monitoring. The concept of low-cost sensors, structured into a large network to provide extreme fidelity with an extensive capability over a large-scale system is described in detail using technologies derived from robust radio-stacked microcontrollers, cellular logic, service orientated architecture (SOA) based systems, and adroit insertion of adaptive, and changeable, middleware.
Largest Tidal Farm To Be Constructed In The Sound Of Islay In Scottland
Posted by admin in ENGINEERING on March 23, 2011
On March 22, 2011 Scottish Government announced that the world’s largest tidal power project will be built on the Sound Of Islay. The construction will begin in 2012 and is planned to be completed by 2020. The project is expected to cost about $85 million and will be capable of powering 5,000 homes. The facility will have 10 underwater HS100 tidal turbines and produce 10 megawatt. This is the large operation of that nature ever undertaken. The Scottish Government’s goal is to obtain 80% of the energy from renewable sources by 2020. This will put Scotland among the leaders in marine energy.



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